Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medications commonly used to reduce pain and inflammation. Aspirin is the most well-known NSAID. These drugs are often the first choice for treating the pain and inflammation associated with conditions ranging from headaches to osteoarthritis.

A variety of NSAIDs are easily available and extensively used throughout the world. Millions of NSAIDs are either sold over the counter or prescribed each year.

The anti-inflammatory qualities of NSAIDs are similar to those found in corticosteroids. People who have an adverse side effect from NSAIDs will often use a different type of drug in its place, such as acetaminophen.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning in 2005 that:

• All NSAIDs except aspirin increase the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attack or stroke. (Two prescription NSAIDs have been withdrawn from sale for this reason).
  
  
• All NSAIDs including aspirin have the risk of serious and potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
• NSAIDs should not be given to patients immediately after coronary artery bypass graft.

Because of the side effects caused by NSAIDs and their many interactions with other drugs and substances, patients are encouraged to consult their physician before using these drugs.