This patient guide addresses severe traumatic or terrifying events, which are characterized by a sense of horror, helplessness, serious injury or the threat of serious injury or death. They include those that occur to individuals, such as violent crimes, and those that occur to large numbers of people, such as natural disasters. Although other events, such as the loss of a job, divorce or a terminal illness can also be traumatic, they are not addressed in this patient guide.

It is normal for people who witness or experience extreme events to have feelings of depression or anxiety afterward. However, sometimes individuals react to these events with feelings of intense fear, helplessness or horror and experience symptoms of grief for a long period of time. In such cases, they may be experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression, which can interfere with a person’s ability to function.

It is generally recommended that patients consult with a mental health professional such as a psychologist or psychiatrist following traumatic events. These mental health practitioners can help educate patients about normal responses to traumatic stress as well as help them find constructive ways of dealing with the emotional impact of such events.

In addition, there are many things individuals can do to promote emotional well-being and restore a sense of control after experiencing trauma.

Tips for coping with traumatic events include:

• Accept personal feelings. It is normal to experience feelings of anger, sadness, fear and grief following traumatic events.
  
  
• Give oneself time to heal.
  
  
• Incorporate a healthy lifestyle and avoid alcohol and cigarette smoking.
  
  
• Turn to relatives, friends and others for emotional support.
  
  
• Join a support group for victims of traumatic events.
  
  
• Seek medical attention. Depending on the source of the trauma the person may require immediate emergency medical treatment. Psychological treatment may also be necessary.